Dart Boards
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Darts refers to a variety of related sports, in which darts are thrown at a circular target (dartboard) hung on a wall. Though various different boards and games have been used in the past, the term 'darts' usually now refers to a standardized game involving a specific board design and set of rules. As well as being a professional competitive activity, darts is a traditional pub game, commonly played in the United Kingdom (the first country to officially recognise darts as a sport), across the Commonwealth, the Netherlands, Ireland, the Scandinavian countries, the United States, Canada and elsewhere.
Modern day bristle dartboards were first produced by Nodor in 1932, where they replaced the plasticine dartboards which had a strong chemical odor. When Nodor invented the new bristle dartboard it did not smell, so was named No-Odour (NODOR). Modern dartboards are made of sisal fibers; low quality boards are sometimes made of coiled paper. However, there are several types of sisal fibre that are used in dartboards today, originating from East Africa, Brazil and China. A regulation board is 45.08cm (17¾") in diameter and is divided into 20 sections. Each section is separated with metal wire or a thin band of sheet metal. The best dartboards in the world have the thinnest wire separating sections so that the darts have less chance of hitting these wires and bouncing out. The numbers indicating the various scoring sections of the board are normally made of wire, especially on tournament-quality boards, but may be printed directly on the board instead.
Height and distance
In the standard game, the dartboard is hung so that the bullseye is 5 ft 8 in (1.727m) from the floor: eye-level for a six foot person. The oche (IPA: /'?ki/) - the line behind which the throwing player must stand - is generally 7 ft 9¼ in (2.369m) from the face of the dartboard measured horizontally. This is the recognised world standard as set by the World Darts Federation and is played as such in most areas. Due to measurement error this may be incorrect in some places (such as measuring from the wall, rather than using a plumb line to measure from the board face). The diagonal distance from the bull's eye to the oche will be 9ft 7.41in, usually rounded to 9ft 7.5in, when horizontal measurement from the dart board face isn't easily done. London 5 board or narrow 5's board set up is slightly different from the standard board. The height is set at 5 feet 6 inches to the center of the bull and the oche is at 9 feet from the face of the board. Employees at the brewery firm of Hockey & Sons are credited with establishing the standard throwing distance. It seems that the brewers placed three of their beer crates end to end, drew a line, and threw from there. Since each crate was 3 feet long, the throwing line was set at 9 feet from the board. Later, the standard Hockey & Sons beer crate was shortened to 2 feet, so 4 crates were lined up, which set the line at 8 feet. This 8 feet standard is still in use in many places, though local variations exist. The general international standard is 7 feet 9 and 1/4 inches. The throwing line was called the "hockey" after the company, though later the name was shortened to "oche" (pronounced "ockee").
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